Which term describes a greater quantity or importance than something else?

The term that signifies a greater quantity or importance than something else is "predominate." This word is often used to describe something that is more prevalent or dominant in a particular context, indicating that it holds a higher significance or larger share compared to others. For example, if a certain trend predominate in a market, it means that it is more influential or widely adopted than competing trends.

In contrast, the other terms do not convey this meaning: "proclivity" refers to a natural inclination or tendency toward something, "profane" relates to disrespect or irreverence, and "rancor" describes bitterness or resentment. These meanings do not align with the concept of superiority in quantity or importance. Thus, "predominate" is the term that most accurately represents the idea of being greater than something else.